Naturism or nudism - the practice of communal nudity in specially designated or secluded areas aimed at approaching a life closer to nature. Naturists relax naked in conditions where clothing does not serve a positive function and is disturbing, i.e. during beachcombing, bathing, sauna and bathing. Naturism is supposed to be an expression of respect towards oneself, one's body, other people and nature in general. Naturists declare their pro-environmental behaviour. According to critics, naturism is an expression of a break from the conservative view of the world imposing norms on people in terms of dress, way of being, attitude towards nudity. According to them, naturism establishes its values for these basic forms of social behaviour.
The words 'naturism' and 'nudism' cannot always be considered synonymous. The terms are used interchangeably in the United States, but already in Europe they mean something completely different. The word 'nudism' comes from the Latin term for 'naked' - nudus. It describes a person who gives up clothes for the sheer pleasure of being naked. The term 'naturism', on the other hand, was first used in 1778by the Belgian Jean Baptiste Luc Planchon. Naturism is additionally linked to a whole philosophy, taking on the characteristics of a socio-political movement, including related issues such as vegetarianism, ecology and environmental impact, closeness to nature. In 1974, the International Naturist Federation, at its 14th Congress, drew up an international definition meaning naturism
Nudism is not a form of exhibitionism and is intended to be asexual. Nudists find satisfaction in being naked without pursuing the sexual activity that may be associated with nudity. According to naturists, nudity relaxes them psychologically and has a positive effect on their health.
Nudists believe that there is nothing in the human body that should be hidden, that the human body is beautiful in itself and should be exposed. They express these views by taking part in social life naked. An important factor in favour of naturism is the perverse desire to break with impunity the moral taboo requiring the covering of genitalia
Naturism is most prevalent in western European countries such as Germany, the Netherlands, France and Spain. In Germany, the abbreviation FKK was invented, which today is used to designate naturist beaches. The symbol is derived from the German phrase Freikörperkultur, which can be somewhat loosely translated as 'body freedom culture'.
Beginning in the 1960s, the largest number of new naturist beaches and campsites were established in Croatia. There are especially many of them in the Istria region, in the north of Croatia. Half a century ago, around 100,000 naturists a year came to Croatia. In 2014, this number reached 300,000. Naturists are an important tourist group for the Croatian economy.
Italy remained a white spot on the naturist map of Europe until recently. Naturism was not welcome there. The situation started to change around 2000, when FKK organisations started to put pressure on the authorities to change the laws. Even before 2006, the issues of naturist beaches in Italy were not regulated by adequate legislation, which meant that in theory the police could punish naturists. The Italian naturist association currently has 600,000 members enrolled. In recent years, the first official naturist beaches have been established in Italy, including near San Vincenzo in Tuscany and at Lido di Dante in the Emilia-Romagna region
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